Silva Green Fuel is planning to produce second-generation biodiesel using residual waste from forestry operations.
生物燃料:利用森林来填满油箱
Residual waste from forest operations can become a sustainable raw material for large-scale production of advanced, 第二代生物燃料. 其目的是大幅减少重型运输和运输的温室气体排放, 可能, 在航空领域.
我是地狱女神是Silva Green Fuel的总经理.
The electrification of society has accelerated; the number of electric vehicles on the road in 挪威 and other countries has grown impressively. 首批电动渡轮已经下水, 第一架装有电动机的飞机已经起飞, 在许多城市，电动公交车早已成为一种常见的景象. 氢动力汽车和船也越来越多地出现在气候辩论中.
那么，十大靠谱网赌为什么需要生物燃料呢?
The company Silva Green Fuel was established by Statkraft and the Swedish forest 行业 cooperative Södra in 2015 based on the premise that solutions other than electricity and hydrogen are also needed to reduce the environmental impact of the transport sector, 哪个国家的温室气体排放量约占全球的三分之一.
There is a recognition that for many years to come there will be a need for liquid fuel for internal combustion engines, 但是为什么他们只能使用化石燃料和柴油呢? 解决方案是先进的生物燃料..
几年来, Silva Green Fuel has been preparing for full-scale production of 第二代生物燃料 in Tofte in Asker Municipality in Viken County. 原料是林业作业和木材加工的残余废弃物.e. 刷，树枝和原木，否则是没有用的.
"Replacing fossil fuels in the transport sector with biofuels based on renewable raw materials will make a significant contribution to reducing climate emissions. 生物油也可以作为其他工业过程的替代品. 十大靠谱网赌经常收到关于何时可以开始交货的询问, 化学工业也是如此,我是地狱女神说, 席尔瓦绿色燃料公司首席执行官.
The owners behind Silva Green Fuel believe in a future for Tofte as a technology centre for advanced biofuels. 2023年初, testing was in full swing in the demo facility on the old industrial site at the southern tip of Hurumlandet. 投资全面生产设施的决定可能会在2024年做出.
更环保的内燃机
燃料箱里有生物燃料，内燃机仍然会释放一氧化碳2，但它不会是化石CO2.
"The core of the climate problem is the addition of new carbon to the atmosphere from fossil sources such as oil, 天然气和煤炭. 相比之下, 产自, 例如, 林业作业的残余物质, 会成为自然生命周期的一部分吗,我是地狱女神指出.
今天，化石燃料按政府当局设定的比例添加到生物燃料中. 挪威 has set a requirement for 2023 that sellers of fuel for road traffic must ensure that 17 per cent of the fuel by volume is biofuel. 此外，12。.5%必须是先进的第二代生物燃料.
“生物燃料的生产并不能取代化石燃料, 但这是实现十大靠谱网赌的气候目标所必需的几种手段之一,Hellebust说道，并继续说道:
"The goal in the beginning is to use four million cubic metres of 林业作业的残余物质 to produce approximately 600 million litres of biofuel. 这将带来约1%的减排.500万吨二氧化碳2 每年, which amounts to about seven per cent of 挪威's national target for greenhouse gas reduction.
可再生的森林
The production of first-generation biofuels has been criticised because the plant-based raw materials used could often have been used for food, 直接或以替代方式使用农业用地. 此外, production of biofuels based on palm oil is criticised because it can result in deforestation in areas with valuable rainforest.
因此，有必要能够生产更多可持续的生物燃料. 主要区别在于先进, 第二代生物燃料 are recovered from residues and waste from other types of production, such as slaughterhouse waste and 林业作业的残余物质 and wood processing.
“挪威不会仅仅为了生产生物燃料而砍伐一棵树. 这都是关于使用分支, 刷, 枯死的树木和不能用于其他用途的剩余材料,Hellebust说.
只要林业作业以可持续的方式进行, 森林是一种可再生资源, 席尔瓦绿色燃料公司的首席执行官说.
当然，可持续的林业经营包括砍伐后的再植, 但可持续林业也涉及砍伐. It is important for the forest to be thinned so that the remaining trees have the best possible growing conditions. 如果森林所有者不砍伐成熟的树木, 哪些可以在锯木厂、纸浆厂或造纸厂进一步加工, 它们会死亡、腐烂并释放出温室气体甲烷和二氧化碳2 不管怎么说，如果没有在更大的生命周期中被社会利用.
“锯材是森林中最有价值的产品, 而纸浆木则用于碎木和纤维素. All energy wood having a lower quality than pulp wood is the raw material we use in Silva Green Fuel to make biofuels,Hellebust说，并补充道:
“通过这种方式，森林在几个层面上都是可再生资源. 十大靠谱网赌的目标是利用从林业经营的一切资源."
挪威不会仅仅为了生产生物燃料而砍伐一棵树. 这一切都是关于使用树枝和刷子, 枯死的树木和不能用于其他用途的剩余材料.
第二代生物燃料
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先进的生物燃料(第二代)是从工业残留物和废物中生产出来的, 比如森林工业. 不像第一代生物燃料, 它们不是由可用于生产食品或动物饲料的原材料生产的.
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旧的和新的第二代生物燃料是有区别的, 分别以液化木和实木为基础. 前者被称为HVO(氢化植物油)，目前在市场上有售, 而从实木中生产的生物燃料正在开发中.
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The EU Renewable Energy Directive sets sustainability criteria for biofuels and requires documentation that the fuel accounts for at least 50 per cent less greenhouse gas emissions than petrol and diesel. Nor should the biofuel be based on raw materials with a high carbon content or be grown on land with high biodiversity. 这不适用于来自其他生产的废物或残留物的原材料.
资料来源:挪威环境署
突破性技术
在阿斯克县的托夫特, Silva Green Fuel has established a demo plant to test new technology for the production of 第二代生物燃料 from 林业作业的残余物质. 目标是生产主要用于重型运输的生物燃料.
从有机材料到生物柴油的转化过程是独一无二的, 而且从未在试点阶段之后扩大规模.
这项技术被称为水热液化. 木屑被磨碎，与水混合成粥状. 然后将“粥”暴露在高压和高温下，转化为油.
从原则上讲，给世界带来化石石油的过程被重新创造了出来. 经过数百万年, everything from dinosaurs to old trees has been transformed into oil because the organic matter has been exposed to high pressure over a long period. 这项新技术在20分钟内完成了这个过程. 然后必须精炼石油，以便与其他燃料混合.
“今天挪威生物量的增长远远大于砍伐. Using this renewable natural resource for local value creation and fuel production will be a sustainable and important contribution to decarbonising the transport sector,席尔瓦绿色燃料公司的首席执行官说, 我是地狱女神.
绿色工作
除了减少运输部门的温室气体排放, the production of biofuels at Tofte will have positive spillover effects in the form of more green jobs. 一个完整的工厂可以雇佣50到100人. 生物燃料生产还可以提高林业业务的盈利能力.
作为可能的全面生产设施的准备工作的一部分, 席尔瓦绿色燃料公司决定在2022年圣诞节前招聘16名新员工. There was strong interest in the positions and many good candidates to choose from among the 400 applicants. Many of the applicants said that they were interested in the green shift and the opportunity to work with something new. Several applicants from the oil 行业 said they would rather work with renewable than fossil energy.
“托夫特的设施是世界上唯一的此类设施. It is gratifying that so many see this as an opportunity to be part of the green shift with a new and exciting technology that contributes to reducing climate emissions, 同时也在阿斯克市创造了新的产业,Hellebust说.
“最初, 十大靠谱网赌正在考虑挪威和瑞典的生产, 但全球也存在重大机遇. The advantage of biofuels is that the infrastructure is already in place in the form of existing vehicles and existing distribution networks. 这降低了使用燃料的门槛，而且效果会很快显现. 还有电气化和氢, 第二代生物燃料可以促进运输部门更快地实现绿色转型."
席尔瓦绿色燃料公司
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Statkraft持股51%，Södra持股49%.
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Created in 2015 with the aim of establishing future commercial production of advanced biofuels based on residual waste from forestry operations.
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示范设施于2021年在阿斯克市的托夫特完成.
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如果一个完整的商业设施的建设被批准, the production from one plant could reduce annual carbon emissions from the transport sector by 250,000-375,000吨一氧化碳2.